Yintoni i-Asthma?
Isifo sesifuba sisifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (esihlala ixesha elide) esichaphazela iindlela zomoya—iityhubhu ezithwala umoya ungena uphuma emiphungeni yakho. Kubantu abane-asthma, ezi ndlela zomoya zihlala zivuvukala kwaye zinobuthathaka. Xa zivezwa zizinto ezithile ezibangela oko, zinokudumba ngakumbi, kwaye izihlunu ezizingqongileyo zinokuqina. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba umoya uhambe ngokukhululekileyo, okubangela iimpawu ze-asthma, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba "luhlaselo lwe-asthma" okanye ukugqithisela.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yi-asthma?
Le nkqubo ibandakanya utshintsho oluphambili oluthathu kwindlela yomoya:
Ukudumba nokudumba: Ulwelo lwendlela yomoya luba bomvu, ludumbe, luze luvelise i-mucus egqithisileyo.
Ukuxinana kwemithambo yomoya: Izihlunu ezijikeleze indlela yomoya ziyaqina.
Ukwanda kwemveliso ye-mucus: I-mucus etyebileyo ivala iindlela zomoya ezisele zinciphile.
Xa zizonke, ezi nguqu zenza iindlela zomoya zibe mxinwa kakhulu, njengengca ecinezelwayo. Oku kukhokelela kwiimpawu eziphawulekayo.
Iimpawu Eziqhelekileyo
Iimpawu zesifo sesifuba zingahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha. Ziquka:
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukuphefumla (isandi sokukhala okanye ukukrwitsha xa uphefumla)
- Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu
- Ukukhohlela, kudla ngokuba kubi ebusuku okanye kusasa
Abantu abahlukeneyo banezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Izinto ezibangela i-allergies: I-pollen, izinambuzane zothuli, ii-mold spores, i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya, inkunkuma ye-cockroach.
- Izinto ezibangela ukucaphuka: Umsi wecuba, ungcoliseko lomoya, umsi onamandla weekhemikhali, iziqholo.
- Izifo zokuphefumla: Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, izifo ze-sinus.
- Umsebenzi Womzimba: Ukuzilolonga kunokubangela iimpawu (Ukuxinana kweBroncho okubangelwa kukuzilolonga).
- Imozulu: Umoya obandayo, owomileyo okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimozulu.
- Iimvakalelo Ezinamandla: Uxinzelelo, ukuhleka, okanye ukukhala.
- Amayeza athile: Njenge-aspirin okanye amanye amayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) kwabanye abantu.
Uxilongo kunye noNyango
Akukho vavanyo lunye lwesifo sombefu. Oogqirha basixilonga ngokusekelwe kwimbali yezonyango, uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga, olufana ne-spirometry, elinganisa ukuba ungakhupha umoya kangakanani kwaye ukhawuleze kangakanani.
Nangona kungekho nyango lwesifo sesifuba, sinokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngonyango olufanelekileyo, oluvumela abantu ukuba baphile ubomi obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo. Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza:
Amayeza Okulawula Ixesha Elide (IiNqanda): Athathwa yonke imihla ukunciphisa ukudumba okubangelwa yintsholongwane nokuthintela iimpawu. Awona axhaphakileyo zii-corticosteroids ezifunxwayo (umz., i-fluticasone, i-budesonide).
Amayeza Okunceda Ngokukhawuleza (Ukuhlangula): Asetyenziswa ngexesha lohlaselo lwe-asthma ukubonelela ngokukhululeka ngokukhawuleza ngokukhulula izihlunu zomoya eziqinileyo. Ezi zihlala ziyi-beta agonists (SABAs) ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza njenge-albuterol.
Inxalenye ephambili yolawulo kukwenza iSicwangciso sokuSebenza se-Asthma esilungiselelwe wena nogqirha wakho. Esi sicwangciso sibhaliweyo sichaza amayeza omawuwathathe yonke imihla, indlela yokubona iimpawu eziya ziba mandundu, kunye namanyathelo omawuwathathe (kuquka nexesha lokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo) ngexesha lohlaselo.
Ukuphila ne-Asthma
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-asthma ludlula ngaphaya kwamayeza:
Chonga kwaye Uphephe Izinto Ezibangela Ingxaki: Sebenza ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwezinto ezibangela intsholongwane ezaziwayo.
Jonga indlela ophefumla ngayo: Jonga rhoqo ukuhamba komoya ohamba ngayo (umlinganiselo wokuba umoya uhamba kakuhle kangakanani emiphungeni yakho).
Fumana iGonyo: Ukuthatha inaliti zomkhuhlane minyaka le kunye nokuhlala unolwazi lwamva nje malunga nokugonywa yi-pneumonia kunokuthintela izifo ezinokubangela uhlaselo.
Hlala Usebenza: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kuyayomeleza intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukulawula iimpawu ezibangelwa kukuzilolonga.
Ixesha Lokufuna Uncedo Olungxamisekileyo
Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba:
I-inhaler yakho yokunceda ngokukhawuleza ayiniki ncedo okanye uncedo luhlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu.
Uphelelwa ngumphefumlo kakhulu, awukwazi ukuthetha kakuhle, okanye imilebe/izinzipho zakho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukufundwa kokuhamba kwakho okuphezulu kuku "kwindawo ebomvu" njengoko kuchaziwe kwisicwangciso sakho sokusebenza.
Umfanekiso Omkhulu
Isifo sombefu sisifo esixhaphakileyo esichaphazela izigidi kwihlabathi liphela, ukususela ebantwaneni ukuya kubantu abadala. Ngonyango lwanamhlanje kunye nesicwangciso solawulo esilungileyo, ukuvela kwesifo sombefu kunokuthintelwa, kwaye iimpawu zilawulwe. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unesifo sombefu, ukubonisana nomboneleli wezempilo linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekuncedeni ukuphefumla kube lula.
Ukudumba komoya okungapheliyo luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwezinye iintlobo ze-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis (CF), i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), kunye nesifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, uvavanyo olungenalo uhlaselo, olulula, oluphindaphindwayo, olukhawulezayo, olulula, nolungabizi kakhulu olubizwa ngokuba yiFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), ludla ngokudlala indima ekuncedeni ukuchonga ukudumba kwendlela yomoya, ngaloo ndlela luxhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma xa kukho ukungaqiniseki kokuxilongwa.
Uxinzelelo lwe-carbon monoxide oluqhekeziweyo kumoya ophumayo (i-FeCO2), olufana ne-FeNO2, luvavanywe njenge-biomarker yokuphefumla efunekayo kwiimeko ze-pathophysiological, kubandakanya imeko yokutshaya, kunye nezifo zokudumba kwemiphunga kunye nezinye izitho.
I-UBREATH Exhalation analyzer (BA810) sisixhobo sezonyango esiyilwe kwaye senziwa yi-e-LinkCare Meditech ukuze sidibane novavanyo lwe-FeNO kunye ne-FeCO ukuze kubonelelwe ngomlinganiselo okhawulezileyo, ochanekileyo, nowobungakanani ukuze kuncedwe ekuxilongweni nasekulawulweni kwezonyango ezifana ne-asthma kunye nezinye izifo zomoya ezibangelwa kukudumba.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2025