Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Imiphunga, esaziwa ngokuba yi-COPD, sisifo esiqhubekayo semiphunga esenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Igama elithi “Progressive” lithetha ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Sisizathu esikhulu sokugula nokufa kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa sikwanokuthintelwa kwaye sinokulawuleka. Ukuqonda i-COPD linyathelo lokuqala lokulawula impilo yemiphunga yakho.

Yintoni i-COPD? Ukujonga Ngokusondeleyo Imiphunga

Ukuze uqonde i-COPD, kuyanceda ukwazi indlela esebenza ngayo imiphunga yakho. Xa uphefumla, umoya uhamba nge-windpipe yakho (trachea) uye kwiityhubhu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi, ezithi ziphume ziye kwiityhubhu ezincinci (ii-bronchioles) kuyo yonke imiphunga yakho. Ekupheleni kwezi tyhubhu kukho iingxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Ezi ngxowa ziyanwebeka kwaye zisebenza njengeebhaluni, zizalisa ioksijini zize zikhuphe i-carbon dioxide.

I-COPD ligama eliquka ikakhulu iimeko ezimbini eziphambili, ezihlala zenzeka kunye:

I-Emphysema:Iindonga ze-alveoli zonakele kwaye zitshatyalalisiwe. Oku kunciphisa indawo engaphezulu yokutshintshiselana ngegesi kwaye kubangela ukuba imiphunga ilahlekelwe bubuthambile bayo. Umoya uvaleleka kwiingxowa ezonakeleyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukukhupha umoya ngokupheleleyo.

I-Bronchitis engapheliyo:Oku kubandakanya ukudumba kwexesha elide kwengqiniba yemibhobho ye-bronchial. Oku kukhokelela ekukhwehleleni okungapheliyo nokuvelisayo (okuvelisa i-phlegm) ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka kangangeminyaka emibini elandelelanayo. Imigudu yomoya evuvukileyo iyadumba kwaye ivalwe yi-mucus.

Kuzo zombini iimeko, isiphumo kukuba umoya ungangeni kakuhle emiphungeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni umntu aphefumle nzima.

Izizathu kunye Nezinto Ezinobungozi

Eyona nto ibangela i-COPD kukufumana izinto ezibangela imiphunga ixesha elide ezibangela ukuba imiphunga yonakale. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo enokubangela le ngxaki yile:

Ukutshaya icuba: Le yeyona nto iphambili, ebangela uninzi lwamatyala. Oku kuquka icuba, iicuba, iipayipi kunye nomsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abangatshayiyo nabo banokuba ne-COPD. Ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko omkhulu ziquka:

Ukuvezwa Emsebenzini: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumsi weekhemikhali, umphunga, uthuli, nezinye izinto eziyingozi kwindawo yokusebenza (umz., emigodini, emalaphu, okanye ekwakheni).

Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi Nangaphandle: Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ukutshisa amafutha e-biomass (njengeenkuni, inkunkuma yezityalo, okanye amalahle) ukuze kuphekwe kwaye kufudunyezwe kumakhaya angangeni moya kakuhle yimbangela enkulu. Ungcoliseko olukhulu lomoya wangaphandle nalo lunegalelo.

I-Genetics: Isifo esingaqhelekanga se-genetic esibizwa ngokuba yi-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency sinokubangela i-COPD, nakubantu abangatshayiyo. Le proteni ikhusela imiphunga, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo, imiphunga isengozini enkulu yokonakala.

Ukuqonda Iimpawu

Iimpawu zeCOPD zihlala zincinci ekuqaleni kodwa ziba nzima ngakumbi njengoko isifo siqhubeka. Abantu abaninzi ekuqaleni bazithatha njengeempawu zokwaluphala okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

Ukukhwehlela Okungapheliyo: Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okungapheliyo, okubizwa ngokuba “kukukhwehlela komntu otshayayo.”

Ukwanda kwemveliso ye-mucus: Ukukhohlela rhoqo i-sputum (phlegm).

Ukunqongophala Komoya (Dyspnea): Olu luphawu olubalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni lunokwenzeka kuphela xa usebenza umzimba kodwa kamva lunokwenzeka nangona uphumle. Abantu badla ngokuchaza oku ngokuthi “ukungakwazi ukufumana umoya owaneleyo.”

Ukuphefumla: Isandi sokukhala okanye sokukrwitsha xa uphefumla.

Ukuqina kwesifuba: Ukuziva uxinezelekile okanye uxinzelelo esifubeni.

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-COPD "kukwanda kweempawu," eziziziganeko apho iimpawu ziba mandundu kakhulu ngequbuliso kwaye zihlale iintsuku ezininzi. Ezi zihlala zibangelwa lusulelo lokuphefumla (njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane) okanye ungcoliseko lomoya. Ukwanda kweempawu kunokuba kubi kakhulu, kufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kwaye kunokukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Uxilongo kunye noNyango

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ungumntu otshayayo okanye unembali yokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa yimiphunga, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha.

Uxilongo ludla ngokubandakanya:

I-Spirometry: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga. Uvuthela ngamandla kwityhubhu eqhagamshelwe kumatshini, olinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwukhupha kunye nokuba ungakwenza ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT Scan: Olu vavanyo lokujonga imifanekiso lunokubonisa i-emphysema kwaye luthintele ezinye iingxaki zemiphunga.

Nangona kungekho nyango lwe-COPD, unyango lunokunciphisa iimpawu, lucothise ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi.

1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila:

Yeka ukutshaya: Eli lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo.

Ziphephe Izinto Ezibangela Ukurhawuzelelwa Yimiphunga: Ziphephe umsi ophuma kwimiphunga, ungcoliseko, kunye nomsi weekhemikhali.

2. Amayeza:

Iibronchodilators: La ngamayeza aphefumlwayo akhulula izihlunu ezijikeleze imigudu yomoya, enceda ekuyivuleni nasekuyenzeni ibe lula ukuphefumla. Adla ngokuthathwa yonke imihla nge-inhaler.

IiCorticosteroids ezifunxwayo: Ezi zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya kwaye zithintele ukudumba.

Ii-Inhalers eziDibeneyo: Ezi ziqulathe zombini i-bronchodilator kunye ne-steroid.

3. Ukuvuselelwa kweMiphunga:

Le yinkqubo eyenzelwe wena equka uqeqesho lokuzilolonga, iingcebiso zesondlo, kunye nemfundo malunga nesifo sakho. Ikufundisa indlela yokulawula imeko yakho ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlala usebenza kangangoko unako.

4. Unyango lwe-oksijini:

Kwabo baneCOPD enzima kunye namanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini egazini, ukusebenzisa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo ekhaya kunokunceda ukuphucula ukusinda, ukunciphisa iingxaki, kunye nokwandisa amandla.

5. Ukugonywa:

Iinaliti zomkhuhlane zonyaka kunye neyeza lokugonya i-pneumococcal zibalulekile ukuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla olunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.

6. Utyando:

Kwiimeko ezithile ze-emphysema enzima, iindlela zotyando ezifana notyando lokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu okanye ukufakelwa imiphunga zingaqwalaselwa.

Ukuthintela kubalulekile

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-COPD kukungaze uqale ukutshaya okanye ukuyeka ukuba sele uqalile. Ukongeza, ukunciphisa ukuvezwa luthuli kunye neekhemikhali zomsebenzi (ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela) kunye nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa izitovu zokupheka ezicocekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu.

Isiphelo

I-COPD sisifo esinzima kodwa esilawulekayo. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo kubalulekile. Ngokuqonda izizathu, ukuqonda iimpawu, kunye nokunamathela kwisicwangciso sonyango, abantu abane-COPD banokuphefumla lula, banciphise ukudumba, kwaye balondoloze umgangatho wobomi obungcono kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuba usemngciphekweni, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.